There are several sub-branches of neurosurgery namely: Vascular neurosurgery, Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Skull base surgery, Spinal neurosurgery, Peripheral nerve surgery, Oncological neurosurgery, and Pediatric Neurosurgery.
An obstetrician is a doctor trained in managing pregnancy, labor, and childbirth. On the other hand, a gynecologist is a doctor specialized in the female reproductive system. Gynecologic oncologists are medical specialists who treat and diagnose women who have cancers in reproductive organs such as ovaries and uterus.
An occupational medicine OM specialist is a medical doctor who trained in providing continuous care for injured workers and helping them to get back to work. OM physicians work to make sure that the highest standards of occupational health and safety are accomplished and kept in the workplace. Also, OM specialists involve in other disciplines such as prevention of illness such as flu by administering the flu-shots , injury, and disability at the workplace.
Hence, oncologists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. There are different types of physician within Oncologist profession namely: medical oncologist chemotherapy or medications , a surgical oncologist surgical procedure of a variety of tumors , radiation oncologist megavoltage X-rays or radionuclides and pediatric oncologist physician specialized in childhood cancer.
Moreover, because they can perform operations on the eyes, they are considered as both medical and surgical specialists. Ophthalmologists diagnose various eye-related diseases such as Cataract, Glaucoma, Macular degeneration, Diabetic retinopathy, dry eyes, Strabismus, Proptosis, Uveitis, Eye tumors, Refractive surgery, and more.
Orthopedic surgeons aka Orthopedist are doctors specially trained to diagnose, treat, and operate patients with diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system which includes the muscles , broken bones , ligaments, tendons, and the nerves. Hand surgeons specialize in performing surgery for hand-related injuries and complications. An otolaryngologist is a type of physician who specializes in managing and treating patients with various disorders of the E ar, N ose, and T hroat.
In addition to that, they also diagnose diseases that affect related-structures like the head and neck. An osteopath aka osteopathic physician is a medical doctor who specialized in osteopathic medicine. An osteopath can prescribe osteopathic manipulative medications and focus on stretching, massaging, and moving the musculoskeletal system to reduce pain and improve mobility, circulation of blood and lymphatic fluids. A palliative medicine is sub-specialty of internal medicine which relieves suffering and improve the quality of life for patients with chronic, curable or life-threatening diseases.
Physicians sometimes referred as palliative care specialists by rendering palliative therapies without curative intent i. Medicines and therapies are assumed to have a palliative effect if they relieve symptoms without having a healing effect on the underlying disease or cause e. Parasitologists deal with parasites microorganisms like bacteria , viruses , worms, and insects that could either live temporarily or permanently, on or inside the human body.
A pathologist is a trained medical doctor who performs autopsies in the examination of tissue such as a mole and blood samples to diagnose a disease and produces a pathological report. A pale pathologist is a doctor that studies ancient diseases. A forensic pathologist is a medical doctor who performs autopsies to find the cause of death when the crime is involved in the scene. A perinatologist is a specialized doctor concerned with the care of the fetus and complicated, high-risk pregnancies.
Perinatology sometimes referred as maternal-fetal medicine. These types of doctors take special care on pregnant women who have chronic medical conditions such as heart diseases, blood pressure hypertension , diabetes, or thrombophilia. A periodontist is a board certified doctor who specializes in oral health care. Also, a periodontist can even diagnose and treat periodontal disease gum disease and is involved in the placement of dental implants.
Periodontal diseases include P. Untreated may lead to alveolar bone loss and tooth loss. One must complete a dental degree before applying for the postgraduate training program in periodontology. Pediatricians focus on infants, children, teenagers, and young adults up to 21 years old. The pediatricians who treat teenagers sometimes referred as Adolescent medicine specialist. A developmental pediatrician specializes in treating children with disabilities such as autism, cerebral palsy, down-syndrome, ADHD, and behavioral disorders.
A physiatrist is a medical physician who specializes in helping patients to recover function after trauma such as a stroke, or surgery. In treating these patients, physiatrists lead a group of physical, occupational, recreational and speech therapists, nurses, psychologists for counseling , and other social workers to help with the faster recovery.
Note that physical medicine and rehabilitation PMR , also referred as physiatry or rehabilitation medicine , targets to improve and restore functional ability and quality of life for patients with physical impairments affecting the critical organs namely brain, spinal cord, nerves, bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and tendons.
The other subspecialties of physiatrist include neuromuscular medicine, pain medications, pediatric rehabilitation medicine, spinal cord injury, sports medicine, brain injury stroke , and palliative medicine.
The sub-specialties of plastic surgery include Aesthetic surgery cosmetics , burn surgery fire wounds , Craniofacial surgery congenital anomalies , hand surgery congenital malformations , microsurgery breast reconstruction , and Pediatric plastic surgery birth defect corrections.
Psychiatrists spend the majority of their time providing medical treatments to mental-disorder patients. These patients have problems with their thoughts, emotions, or behavior conditions from depression to Schizophrenia to Delirium to ADHD. Psychiatrists provide treatments using a combination of both physical treatments medicines or psychological treatments therapy , and social treatments.
A pulmonologist is a medical professional whose expertise falls on pulmonary lungs and other respiratory tract illnesses and diseases. These type of doctors have a broad scope of specialization as they can treat almost everything from asthma to tuberculosis.
A radiologist is a medical professional specially trained to diagnose and treat their patients by interpreting test results from medical imaging techniques. There are three types of sleep apnea namely obstructive OSA , central CSA , and a mixture of the two called mixed sleep apnea. Risk factors for OSA result in overweight, allergies, a small airway, and enlarged tonsils. Sleep doctor also treats other sleep-related disorders namely insomnia, Restless legs syndrome, Periodic leg movement disorder, Narcolepsy, Circadian rhythm disorder and a few more.
Spinal cord Injury SCI specialists are rehabilitation medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of people with spinal cord injuries. A spinal cord injury causes either temporary or permanent changes to its functions loss of muscle function, sensation loss, pressure sores, infections or breathing problems.
In the bulk of cases, the spinal cord damage is a direct result of physical trauma which includes car accidents, gunshot wounds, falls, or sports-related injuries. Sports medicine specialists are trained medical doctors in the treatment of people who have injuries to their bones, muscles, joints, tendons, or ligaments that result from physical activity such as Sports.
The injuries include cartilage tears, ligament ruptures of the knee, and shoulder, knee or wrist problems. A surgeon is a physician trained in performing operations that involve the treatment of injuries, removing infected body parts, and the reconstruction of missing or damaged tissues or organs.
Thoracic Surgeon is specialized in chest, heart, and lung surgeries. Thoracic surgeons may further specialize in one area, such as heart surgery or lung surgery, or in a sub-specialty of that area, such as coronary artery bypass surgery.
The thoracic surgeries include open-heart surgery, off-pump bypass surgery, robot-assisted heart surgery, Pediatric cardiovascular surgery i.
Urologists are doctors who specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders that affect the male and female urinary tract. In addition to that, urologists are also knowledgeable in treating patients with prostate cancer, and other diseases that affect sexual health and fertility.
Vascular surgeons are medical physicians who specialize in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of diseases with the blood vessels vascular diseases. The scope of vascular surgery encapsulates surgery of veins for May-Thurner syndrome and varicose veins , the aorta, carotid arteries, and lower extremities, including the iliac, femoral, and tibial arteries.
In some parts of the world, vascular surgery also includes dialysis access surgery and transplant surgery. While all other types of doctors are responsible for treating humans, the veterinarians are responsible for the treatment of sick animals. A veterinary doctor usually called a vet practices veterinary medicine by treating illnesses, ailments, and injuries in animals pets and cattle. Vets provide the diagnosis, treatment in the forms of prescribing medicines or performing surgeries and aftercare.
Here is the list of alternative types of doctors non-medical or health-care professionals who diagnose and treat diseases. An acupuncturist is a trained health care professional who practices the concepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM in the form of Acupuncture using needles and herbal medicines.
Acupuncturists are educated to diagnose a wide array of health problems such as pediatrics, gerontology, gynecology, various addictions smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse , sports injury and pain management, mental health, oncology, dermatology, plus cosmetology. An audiologist specializes in the study of hearing, balance, and other auditory disorders. Primarily audiologists provide a professional patient-centered care to minimize the adverse impacts of these diseases not only to the physical, mental, social, and psychological but also overall well-being of the person.
The primary focus of Ayurveda is to promote the well-being as a whole. An ayurvedic doctor or practitioner is the one who studied the principles of Ayurveda and able to identify the doshas life forces — Vata, Pitta, and Kapha and prescribe herbal medicines accordingly.
A chiropractor specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders. Unlike regular neurologists or neurosurgeons, chiropractors treat patients through manual manipulation and adjustment of the spine. Chiropractors focus on the conservative management of the neuromusculoskeletal system without the use of any medicines or surgery, however, with specific importance on the spine.
Chiropractors typically treat low-back and neck pain issues by the adjustments to the spinal cord. A Diagnostician is also referred as medical diagnostician who studies the medical symptoms and reports of patients to diagnose the disease. Diagnosticians generally use different methods with modifications such as the use of logic, data analytics, and expertise to determine the cause and effect of diseases. Homeopathy is also one of the holistic healing systems similar to Ayurveda. Microbiologists are scientists or clinicians who study and examine the growth of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and their interactions with the human body and find out the pathogens that harm the body and determine the proper treatment for the disease.
Microbiologists typically work on experimental research projects in a laboratory setting to improve scientific knowledge, or to employ that understanding in a way that improves outcomes in the medical industry.
A naturopathic doctor ND is very much similar to Ayurveda and Homeopathy doctor who focuses on the holistic healing system. Naturopathic physicians generally operate in private clinics, hospitals, and other community health centers.
One who wishes to become an ND should complete a 4-year degree program from recognized naturopathic medical school. NDs handle all sorts of medical conditions and can give both individual and family health care. Naturopathic medicine is used in many common problems such as allergies, chronic pain, digestive issues, hormonal imbalances, respiratory conditions, and many more. Unlike dietitians, who are qualified medical doctors to diagnose and treat eating disorders and design specific diets to treat certain medical conditions, nutritionists deal with general nutritional goals and education.
Nutritionists are often work in schools, hospitals, cafeterias, long-term care facilities, and athletic organizations. Although a pharmacist is not a medical doctor, however, a health care professional who practices pharmacy, a branch of health sciences specializing in safe and effective medication use. A Physiotherapist helps people affected by injury, illness or disability through massage, heat treatment, stretch exercises, education, and advice rather than drugs or surgery.
A podiatrist aka Chiropodist is a medical doctor devoted to the diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle and lower extremity. The term podiatry came into existence only in the last century in the USA and now it is widely used in UK and Australia. A Registered Massage Therapist RMT is a professional who has gone through the additional training and education from recognized educational institutions on their jurisdiction and studied anatomy, physiology, pathology, physical assessment, neurology, treatments, and ethics to maintain the highest quality standards.
Indeed, whether they do work in their own clinics, in public hospitals, or even in communities, doctors aim to help keep people to the best of their well-being.
But the list above just only goes to show how vast the scope of the field of medicine is. So if you are considering becoming a doctor, have you already decided which area would you like to study or specialize in?
Accessed September 01, Accessed September 02, American College of Rheumatology. Accessed December 08, Then you must take a look at these. It must help you for choosing the perfect option for you!
Thank you for the great article and exhaustive list. Awesome stuff. Please keep writing more things like this. I really like the fact you went so in depth on this and really explored the topic as much as you did.
Thanks for upping the game here! I think that it is great that there are all kinds of different specialties to help the different kinds of issues within the body. An intensivist is a physician who works in the intensive care unit treating critically ill patients. In addition to medical school and residency, these doctors also do a fellowship in critical care medicine. Infectious disease physicians deal with infections that are hard to diagnose or treat. After medical school, infectious disease physicians must attend an internal medicine residency followed by fellowship training for infectious diseases.
Nephrologists treat kidney disease and prescribe dialysis for those experiencing kidney failure. After medical school, these physicians attend an internal medicine residency program. They are then required to attend fellowship training for nephrology. Endocrinologists treat the endocrine system—the glands that produce and secrete hormones that control and regulate nearly all of the body's functions.
People with diabetes or thyroid disease are often treated by an endocrinologist. Like other internal medicine physicians, endocrinologists attend medical school followed by an internal medicine residency.
They are then required to attend fellowship training for endocrinology. Internal medicine physicians are experts in illnesses and medical conditions that affect the "inner" systems of the body.
Branches of internal medicine include endocrinology, cardiology, oncology, gastroenterology, and others. Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who treat diseases or disorders of the eyes, such as cataracts and glaucoma.
Vision correction that cannot be handled by an optometrist may be treated by an ophthalmologist. When necessary, ophthalmologists will also perform eye surgery. Ophthalmologists attend medical school followed by a residency for ophthalmology. They are not required to take a fellowship, although many choose to attend fellowship training for specific eye diseases or surgical procedures. Otolaryngology is a field that entails a combination of surgical skills and office-based medicine and treatment.
They are required to attend medical school in addition to residency for otolaryngology. ENTs handle a lot of issues, including sinus problems, allergies, head and neck cancers, and more. Because of this, many ENTs attend fellowships for a subspecialty of otolaryngology, such as rhinology, which focuses on issues related to the nose and sinuses. Dermatologists diagnose and treat conditions that affect the hair, skin, and nails. This may include treating rashes or acne, diagnosing melanoma skin cancer , and much more.
In addition to this, dermatoligists also perform many aesthetic procedures that are paid for out of pocket rather than by insurance. Such procedures include Botox injections, laser skin treatments, and more. After medical school, dermatologists must attend dermatology residency. Fellowships are not required, but some dermatologists may attend them if they choose to sub-specialize in a particular aspect of dermatology. Dermatology is a very competitive field for physicians.
One reason for this is that dermatologists are very well compensated. Typically, only the top medical students are accepted into dermatology residency programs. A psychiatrist specializes in mental health. They treat emotional and behavioral problems through a combination of psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, medication, and hospitalization. Their work may be office-based, hospital-based, or a combination of the two.
After medical school and residency for psychiatry, some psychiatrists attend fellowships for a subspecialty. There are a number of different specialty areas within psychiatry, including child and adolescent psychiatry, addiction medicine, or eating disorders.
Psychotherapists use talk therapy to help people resolve emotional or mental health challenges. Psychoanalysts help people bring unconscious conflicts or repressed memories to the surface so that they can consciously work through them. Neurologists are doctors who take care of patients with medical conditions that affect the brain, spine, or nerves. They see patients who have complex medical disorders such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathy.
Neurologists also take care of patients who have common problems such as migraine headaches and dizziness. Like other physicians, neurologists must attend medical school then a residency for neurology. From there, they may pursue fellowship training for a sub-specialty, such as pediatric neurology or vascular neurology related to blood vessels in the brain.
A radiologist is a physician who is trained in viewing and interpreting diagnostic tests. Often, the treating physician must interpret test results as well. The radiologist's analysis can offer additional information or advice for further testing. Before a radiologist is licensed, they must attend medical school and a residency for radiology. From there, they may choose to attend fellowship training for a subspecialty of radiology that is focused on a specific aspect of radiology or area of the body.
Anesthesiologists are trained to manage patient pain and vital signs during surgery. They also often manage medical emergencies in the hospital, such as cardiac arrest and sudden breathing problems. Aspiring anesthesiologists must attend medical school followed by a residency program for anesthesiology. There are numerous subspecialties of anesthesiology they may attend fellowships for, including anesthesia for patients with chronic pain or for patients in the ICU.
Surgeons spend time planning a surgical procedure, performing surgery in the operating room, and then following up afterwards to identify any complications and confirm that the procedure was a success. Surgeons can be trained in general surgery or in more specialized areas of surgery, such as hand surgery, pediatric surgery, or vascular surgery related to blood flow problems.
The training to become a surgeon is typically several years longer than training for a primary care doctor. Following medical school, general surgeons must attend a residency program for three to five years.
Once they are board certified, they will attend a fellowship or internship in a surgical department. Some physicians do not practice medicine. Instead, they take leading roles in health care policy, pharmaceutical research, or health insurance companies. Non-clinical doctors generally are required to have completed medical school and residency.
They must also maintain a medical license. Choosing your specialty as a physician is one of the most important decisions you will make. Think through what interests you most and what you would like to do day after day when making your choice.
The Association of American Medical Colleges maintains a database of more than specialties and sub-specialties that you can explore. Regardless of the specialty you choose, expect to put in anywhere from 10 to 14 years of education and training before you become a fully-licensed physician. Beyond what they focus on, physician specialties differ in more practical ways too.
As you consider what area of medicine to specialize in, be sure to also weigh matters such as these along with your interests and required training. Wherever you land, your talents can have a major impact on people's lives and lead you down one of the most rewarding—and at times humbling—career paths.
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Weight loss story: " I did cardio and weight training 5 days to lose 44 kilos". Stomach cancer. Whooping cough. Top 15 types of doctors you should know. Count: We have sent you a verification email. To verify, just follow the link in the message. Updated: Oct 12, , IST. We are often confused about doctors. While we have a rough idea about our body, but who treats which part is still a wonder for many of us. Here is a basic list of doctors you should know about: 1.
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