There have been significant advances in the development of national and regional policies, and global attention on the issue is growing. Countries are beginning to invest in proactive measures, such as planned relocation and community-led initiatives to reduce displacement risk. Filling the data gaps will be critical to support these efforts and to make the case for more flexible and predictable funding.
Visit our dedicated GRID landing page to download the report, explore interactive infographics, country-specific information and videos. A selection of images and b-roll footage are available to download here. Raw data is available upon request. Every day, people flee conflict and disasters and become displaced inside their own countries. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre provides data and analysis and supports partners in identifying and implementing solutions to internal displacement.
How to understand our figures: We report two different metrics on internal displacement: 1 The number of new displacements that take place during the year. It should be noted that even when the governments allow in international aid to their displaced populations, they often remain suspicious of such efforts.
They fear that the assistance will undermine their own authority. For this reason, governments are often unwilling to allow humanitarian organizations to mount cross-border operations or to negotiate with the rebel forces. Internal conflicts caused by warlordism are equally problematic.
In failed states, belligerents or nonstate actors accept almost no ground rules of battle. The main target of the rebel force in Sierra Leone are civilians. Humanitarian assistance is plundered and perceived as a weapon, access is closed off, and no respect shown for the personnel and equipment of humanitarian agencies. Access may be further complicated by the different manifestations of internal displacement. In some countries, IDPs do not congregate in accessible camps or settlements but disperse so as to avoid identification.
Many displaced Hutus in Burundi, for example, hide in forests, making it difficult to reach them. Or in other countries, the displaced may merge into local communities, where gaining access will require programs that extend to the entire community. In Liberia, for example, as many as three-quarters of a million displaced fled to the capital, Monrovia, blending in with the rest of the city, whose population nearly tripled in size during the civil war.
It needs to be underscored that the impact of internal displacement extends beyond those displaced to disrupt whole communities and societies. The areas left behind and the areas to which the displaced flee often suffer damage.
In Rwanda, the World Bank estimates that the damage done to national parks and forests will have long-term economic effects. In Angola and Liberia, the overloading of urban infrastructure has hastened its deterioration.
Few African countries can afford such destruction. Ten of the African countries with significant internally displaced populations are among the thirty poorest countries in the world. Indyk , Kenneth G. Lieberthal , and Michael E. Conflict and displacement also spill over borders into neighboring countries. Internal displacement is not only a human rights and humanitarian issue but a political and security one. The Great Lakes region of Africa is a good example of how conflict and displacement in one country inflame the situation in others and lead to large refugee flows and also military invasions of other countries.
Similarly in the Horn of Africa and West Africa, conflict and internal displacement can quickly spill over borders and help destabilize neighboring countries. In the absence of an international system for dealing with internal displacement, it has become necessary to develop a framework of normative standards and institutional arrangements to guide the actions both of governments and of international humanitarian and development agencies.
Deng of the Brookings Institution, to grapple with these issues. Deng found the doctrine of sovereignty as responsibility the most suitable conceptual framework for dealing with internal displacement. Sometimes called the Brookings doctrine, it basically says that states have primary responsibility for the security and well-being of their populations. If they are unable to provide protection and life-supporting assistance, they are expected to request and accept outside offers of aid.
Should they refuse or deliberately obstruct access, they can no longer claim the prerogatives of sovereignty; the international community must become involved. To provide the international community with a basis for legitimate action, a legal framework for the internally displaced is now being put in place.
The Principles set forth the rights of IDPs and the obligations of governments and insurgent groups to these populations. Although the Principles are not a binding legal document, they have already gained, in a short time, standing and authority.
They have been acknowledged by the UN and endorsed by the major international humanitarian and development organizations. They have begun to be used in the field as an advocacy tool by international organizations, regional bodies and NGOs. At the institutional level, an array of international humanitarian, human rights and development organizations have come forward to offer protection, assistance, and development aid to IDPs.
Nonetheless, no organization has a global mandate to protect and assist the internally displaced. As a result, the system is ad hoc: organizations basically pick and choose the situations in which they will become involved on the basis of mandates, resources or other considerations. Thus, UNHCR deems about 5 million internally displaced persons out of a total of 20 to 25 million to be of concern to the organization.
And only 1 million of these are in Africa. The selectivity of the international system could be modified if there were an effective central point within the system to routinely and rapidly assign responsibilities to different agencies.
In , OCHA published a study addressing the issue of protracted internal displacement. The study proposes a methodology to achieve collective outcomes that address protracted internal displacement and prevent new displacement situations from becoming long-term crises. In , OCHA, with its partners, supported the launching of the GP20 Compilation of National Practices to Prevent, Address and find Durable Solutions to Internal Displacement , a study that highlights country-level practices and provides an overview of key lessons learned.
In June , the UN Secretary-General launched a Policy Brief on COVID and People on the Move , which highlighted the disproportional vulnerabilities of internally displaced persons as well as refugees and migrants to the COVID pandemic and outlined a comprehensive agenda to address these vulnerabilities, centred around the notion of inclusion of people on the move in COVID responses, including social protection. In October , in light of the ever-increasing number of IDPs and upon recommendation by 57 Member States, the UN Secretary-General established the High-level Panel on Internal Displacement to identify concrete recommendations on how to better prevent, respond to and achieve durable solutions to protracted internal displacement.
OCHA supported the work of the Panel throughout its entire process. The report calls for stepped-up action on solutions anchored in the affirmation of IDPs as rights-holding citizens, the recognition of solutions as a development priority, and an effort to give greater visibility to internal displacement in government policies, UN strategies, development financing, private sector engagement, and the media.
OCHA is actively supporting the Secretary-General, alongside its partners, to ensure follow-up to the Panel recommendations. Governments, corporations and foundations: ocha. Toggle navigation. Frerotte Internal displacement is a complex issue to address, due in part to the following factors: It is often politically and logistically challenging to provide humanitarian assistance to IDPs.
A majority of them do not live in camps, but are dispersed among local communities, making it difficult to identify IDP populations and their needs. IDPs may also be inaccessible to humanitarian organizations due to factors such as their fear of being identified by authorities, or their continuous movement from place to place. Displacement has a particularly traumatic impact on children, often placing them in high-risk circumstances that put them in need of specific protection measures.
Women and girls are particularly exposed to the risk of sexual violence while many internally displaced children lose access to education, and many are also or forced recruitment into armed groups. Context-specific factors can significantly affect the success of interventions for IDPs. These include the capacity and willingness of national and local institutions to receive aid for IDPs or the accessibility of legal and protective institutions, and factors specific to the internally displaced population, such as the resources and social capital of the displaced, or the presence of pre-existing vulnerabilities.
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